1. Are there any external resources that can be used by the mechanism?
Answer: No
2. Are physical changes possible to the mechanism?
Answer: Yes
3. Can other parts of the mechanism be used to minimize the effects of the fault?
Answer: Yes
4. Is the fault due to changes in the environment?
Answer: Yes
5. Can the surrounding environment be changed to adapt to the fault?
Answer: Yes
10) American Shad, Alosa sapidissima
American shad is a saltwater fish that lives in the Atlantic Ocean and rivers that branch off the ocean into the United States (Discover Boating). American shad fish live primarily in the ocean until they need to spawn where upon they swim back into the freshwaters of rivers. The kidneys are the main organ in the body that regulates the amount of salt and water in the body compared to the surrounding environment. When American shad fish are in salt water they must drink the salt water to replace the lost fluids while using specialized gills and their kidneys to get rid of the excess salt (Palmisano, Aldo). When they swim up into the freshwater they must produce more urine to get rid of the excess liquid while holding onto the salt that is available (Palmisano, Aldo). It is thought that the fish must take time to gradually adapt to the changing salinity levels instead of just going from one extreme to the other. If they did not do this then they would have a harder time of surviving in that given environment. This can be seen by how the hatched babies reside in the freshwater environment until a couple of weeks to months have gone by (Palmisano, Aldo). When the baby fish are ready then they will slowly swim to the ocean where they will stay until there are mature enough to spawn.
Discover Boating. “Shad.” Saltwater Fish- Shad. National Marine Manufacturers Association, 2014. Web. Retrieved March 18, 2015, from
http://www.discoverboating.com/resources/article.aspx?id=314.
Palmisano, Aldo. “Why Do Some Fish Normally Live in Freshwater and Others in Saltwater? How Can Some Fish Adapt to Both?” Scientific American Global RSS. Scientific American, 19 Jan. 1998. Web. Retrieved March 18, 2015, from
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-do-some-fish-normally/.
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