1. Is the fault in the components that perform any physical action?
Answer: No
2. Is the faulty component part of the mechanism’s body?
Answer: No
3. Is the faulty component in the fuel system?
Answer: Yes
4. Is the fault in the fuel filtration system?
Answer: Yes
5. Is the fault in the fuel filtration components?
Answer: Yes
6. Is the fault in the components responsible for removing fuel consumption by products?
Answer: Yes
7. Can other parts of the mechanism be used to minimize the effect of the fault?
Answer: No
8. Is any debris cleared from the damaged area?
Answer: Yes
Path 2:
1. Is the fault in the components that perform any physical action?
Answer: Yes
2. Is the fault in components that move?
Answer: Yes
3. Is the fault in components that make the mechanism move?
Answer: Yes
4. Is the faulty component designed to move the mechanism around?
Answer: Yes
5. Is the faulty component needed for stability?
Answer: Yes
6. Does the faulty component manipulate smaller objects?
Answer: No
7. Are there any external resources that can be used by the mechanism?
Answer: No
8. Does the adaptation continue after replacing the faulty component?
Answer: Yes
9. Does any material need to be removed before the adaptation takes place?
Answer: No
95) Common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster
Common fruit flies can be found on every continent, except Antarctica (Miller). Fruit flies are able to regenerate their leg if they were to get amputated or torn off.
At first the JNK phosphatase, puckered (puc), is signaled to proliferate the epidermal cells surrounding the wound (King & Newmark). The peripodial and columnar cells proliferate and merge together by microvilli (King & Newmark). The epithelial cells continue to proliferate to form new layers that will later mature into the skin. A blastema is formed, by the expression of Wg/Wnt1, over the wound that houses undifferentiated local epithelial cells (Bosch et al.). At first the cells proliferate and differentiate into proximal cells that make up the disc. Then myoblasts are signaled by m and ap to migrate to the wound and start proliferating. Myoblasts will fuse together and form the skeletal muscle
as more signals are given to extend the arm. Next, ventral wg–expressing and dorsal dpp–expressing cells start proliferating and activate DII
(Bosch et al.). DII is found to activate EGFR which signals for the distal leg to start regenerating (Bosch et al.). Once the leg disc, tarsus and pretarsus are formed the signals for cell proliferation will stop and the blastema will disintegrate.
Miller, Conrad. “Drosophila Melanogaster.” ADW: Drosophila Melanogaster. Animal Diversity Web, 4 Oct. 2000. Web. 23 Dec. 2014.
http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Drosophila_melanogaster/
Bosch, Manel, Sarah-Anne Bishop, Jaume Baguna, and Juan-Pablo Couso. “Leg Regeneration in Drosophila Abridges the Normal Developmental Program.” The International Journal of Developmental Biology 54 (8-9): 1241-250.ResearchGate. Web. 22 Dec. 2014.
King, Ryan S., and Phillip A. Newmark. “The Cell Biology of Regeneration.” JCB 196.5 (2012): 553-62. The Rockefeller University Press. Web. 23 Dec. 2014.
Recent Comments