Path followed:
1. Is the fault in the components that perform any physical action?
Answer: Yes
2. Is the fault in components that move?
Answer: Yes
3. Is the fault in components that make the mechanism move?
Answer: Yes
4. Is the faulty component designed to move the mechanism around?
Answer: No
5. Is the faulty component a joint?
Answer: Yes
94) Chicken, Gallus gallus domesticus
Chickens can be found all over the world and are used for their meat and eggs. Chick embryos have the ability of regenerating their elbow joint.
Joints are key in forming a limb and are essential in everyday life. After the joint has been damaged or removed a joint interzone is formed from flattened noncartilagenous joint progenitor cells (Ozpolat et al.). The interzone helps to make the collagen become segmented and allow the joint to grow. The progenitors make it so Autotaxin and GDF-5 joint specific markers are only found in the interzone (Opolat et al.). This will allow the joints to be only formed in the zones and not at random. After, the cells in the interzone differentiate into three layers based on their densities. The higher density cells become the two articular cartilage layers that cover the surface of the bones where they meet with the joints (Ozpolat et al). The other layer is in between the two denser layers and gradually disappears through cavitation. Once the joint has been regenerated the cells stop differentiating.
Ozpolat, B. Duygu, Mariana Zapata, John Daniel Fruge, Jeffrey Coote, Jangwoo Lee, Ken Muneoka, and Rosalie Anderson. “Developmental Biology.” Developmental Biology 372.2 (2012): 229-38. ScienceDirect. Web. 22 Dec. 2014.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012160612005404
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