1. Is the fault in the components that perform any physical action?
Answer: No
2. Is the faulty component part of the mechanism’s body?
Answer: Yes
3. Is the faulty component in the structure of the mechanism?
Answer: Yes
4. Does the fault appear in components that provide rigidity to the mechanism?
Answer: Yes
5. Can the faulty component be removed from the mechanism?
Answer: No
6. Is the fault in load bearing components?
Answer: Yes
7. Do multiple versions of the components exist for the faulty component?
Answer: No
8. Can the mechanism continue to function until the component is replaced?
Answer: Yes
93) American five-lined skink, Plestiodon fasciatus
American five-lined skinks can be found in Canada and the Eastern states of the United States (Hammerson). When they are juveniles they are commonly called the blue-tailed skink and when they become an adult it is a red-headed skink. These skinks are able to regenerate their tail if it was torn off or fell off due to autonomy.
After the tail has been amputated the cells near the wound proliferate and form a wound epithelium over the stump. The endothelial cells near the wound start to proliferate and differentiate into the blood vessels that will supply the area with blood (Hutchins et al.). Epithelial cells also migrate to the wound, become dedifferentiated, and proliferate. The cells first start to form the ependymal from the spinal cord in the mesenchymal tissue (Hutchins et al.). Next the undifferentiated epithelial cells differentiate into chondrocytes that help form the cartilage in the newly regenerating tail. The dedifferentiated epithelial cells also re-differentiate into myofibers that would join together and form the muscles that surround the internal structures. As the tail continues to grow, myosin heavy chain positive skeletal muscle would become more prevalent along the tail to strengthen it (Hutchins et al.). Once the tail has completely regenerated the original cells would stop differentiating and disperse away from the previously wounded site.
Hammerson, G.A. 2007. Plestiodon fasciatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. Web. 22 Dec. 2014.
http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/64227/0
Hutchins, Elizabeth D., Glenn J. Markov, Walter L. Eckalbar, Rajani M. George, Jesse M. King, Minami A. Tokuyama, Lauren A. Geiger, Nataliya Emmert, Michael J. Ammar, April N. Allen, Ashley L. Siniard, Jason J. Corneveaux, Rebecca E. Fisher, Juli Wade, Dale F. DeNardo, J. Alan Rawls, Matthew J. Huentelman, Jeanne Wilson-Rawls, and Kenro Kusumi. “Transcriptomic Analysis of Tail Regeneration in the Lizard Anolis Carolinensis Reveals Activation of Conserved Vertebrate Developmental and Repair Mechanisms.” PLoSONE (2014): n. pag. PLoSONE. Web. 22 Dec. 2014.
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0105004
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