1. Is the fault in the components that perform any physical action?
Answer: No
2. Is the faulty component part of the mechanism’s body?
Answer: No
3. Is the faulty component in the fuel system?
Answer: Yes
4. Is the fault in the fuel filtration system?
Answer: No
5. Is the fault in the components responsible for transporting the fuel?
Answer: Yes
6. Is the fault in fuel pump or similar component?
Answer: Yes
7. Are there multiple resources needed to replace the faulty component?
Answer: No
90) Eastern (red-spotted) newt, Notophthalmus viridescens
Eastern (red-spotted) newts can be found in the eastern states of the United States and the adjacent southern land of Canada (IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group 2014). This newt has the ability of regenerating its heart if it was ever damaged.
Soon after the heart sustains damage it starts to undergo regeneration. Fibrin migrates to the wound area to clot the blood so the animal will not die from blood loss. A protein called Phospho-H3 was also found to be emitted after the injury which stimulates cells to go into the G2 phase of the cell cycle to proliferate (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft). The cells that it stimulates are the cardiomyocytes that are surrounding the damage area. These cells are immature cardiomyocytes at first but as more are produced they mature into cardiomyocytes which differentiate into the cardiac muscle (Witman et al.). Once the heart has reached its maximum size and has completely regenerated the cardiomyocytes will stop proliferating and go back into the quiescent stage of mitosis.
IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group 2014. Notophthalmus viridescens. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. Web. 20 Dec. 2014.
http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/59453/0
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft. Cell Biology. Newts Which Regrow Their Hearts. Research: Research News. Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 5 Dec. 2006. Web. 20 Dec. 2014.
http://www.mpg.de/530203/pressRelease200612052
Witman, Nevin, Bari Murtuza, Ben Davis, Anders Arner, and Jamie Ian Morrison. “Recapitulation of Developmental Cardiogenesis
Governs the Morphological and Functional Regeneration of Adult Newt Hearts following Injury.” Developmental Biology 354.1 (2011): 67-76. ScienceDirect. Web. 20 Dec. 2014.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012160611001850
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