Path followed:
1. Is the fault in the components that perform any physical action?
Answer: No
2. Is the faulty component part of the mechanism’s body?
Answer: No
3. Is the faulty component in the fuel system?
Answer: Yes
4. Is the fault in the fuel filtration system?
Answer: Yes
5. Is the fault in the fuel filtration components?
Answer: Yes
6. Is the fault in the components responsible for removing fuel consumption by products?
Answer: Yes
7. Can other parts of the mechanism be used to minimize the effect of the fault?
Answer: No
8. Is any debris cleared from the damaged area?
Answer: Yes
82) Goldfish, Carassius auratus auratus
Goldfish were originally found in Eastern Asia but can now be found all over the world in freshwater ponds or streams (Nico et al.). The goldfish has the ability of regenerating its kidney if it was damaged in some way.
After the goldfish has sustained injury of the kidney it will undergo an initial phase of cell death and allow macrophages to clear them away. After this stage the kidney will start producing signals to regenerate. Three signals have been found to be key in helping initiate renal regeneration: myc, Pax-2, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (Reimschuessel). These signals trigger epithelial cells to migrate to the injured spot and start proliferating. These cells proliferate to repopulate the basophilic epithelial basement membrane (Reimschuessel). Then the fish undergoes a nephron neogenesis phase to reestablish the nephrons. The basophilic epithelium cells are used to form renal vesicles, S-shaped tubules, and tubular outgrowths which fuse with the collecting ducts (Reimschuessel). Then using the epithelial parts as well forms a BowmanÕs capsule. Once all of the structures have formed the cells will stop proliferating and disperse away from the injured site.
Nico, L. G., P. J. Schofield, J. Larson, T. H. Makled, and A. Fusaro. “Carassius Auratus.” Goldfish (Carassius Auratus) – FactSheet. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, 2 Aug. 2013. Web. 17 Dec. 2014.
http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?speciesid=508
Reimschuessel, Renate. “A Fish Model of Renal Regeneration and Development.” ILAR Journal 42.4 (2001): 285-91.Oxford Journals. Web. 18 Dec. 2014.
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