1. Is the fault in the components that perform any physical action?
Answer: No
2. Is the faulty component part of the mechanism’s body?
Answer: No
3. Is the faulty component in the fuel system?
Answer: Yes
4. Is the fault in the fuel filtration system?
Answer: Yes
5. Is the fault in the fuel filtration components?
Answer: Yes
6. Is the fault in the components responsible for removing fuel consumption by products?
Answer: Yes
7. Can other parts of the mechanism be used to minimize the effect of the fault?
Answer: No
8. Is any debris cleared from the damaged area?
Answer: Yes
79) Atlantic tomcod, Microgadus tomcod
Atlantic tomcods can be found on the northeast coasts of the United States and Canada (NatureServe 2013). Tomcods have the ability of regenerating their kidney if it were to get damaged.
After the tomcod sustains kidney damage it will undergo an initial phase that involves macrophages destroying the dead cells and other debris. After that initial phase the kidney will start to produce signals that will help the kidney regenerate. Three signals have been found to be key and they are myc, Pax-2, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (Reimschuessel). The signals are used to trigger epithelial cells to converge on the damaged section of the kidney and proliferate. The proliferation will allow the basophilic epithelial basement membrane to repopulate (Reimschuessel). The tomcod will then undergo a nephron neogenesis phase to reestablish the nephrons in the newly regenerated section. The basophilic epithelium cells are used to form renal vesicles, S-shaped tubules, and tubular outgrowths which fuse to the collecting ducts (Reimschuessel). The epithelial parts are also used to form the BowmanÕs capsule. Once all of the structures in the previously damaged section of the kidney are formed, the cells will disperse and stop proliferating.
NatureServe 2013. Microgadus tomcod. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. Web. 28 Dec. 2014.
http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/202405/0
Reimschuessel, Renate. “A Fish Model of Renal Regeneration and Development.” ILAR Journal 42.4 (2001): 285-91.Oxford Journals. Web. 28 Dec. 2014.
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