1. Is the fault in the components that perform any physical action?
Answer: Yes
2. Is the fault in components that move?
Answer: Yes
3. Is the fault in components that make the mechanism move?
Answer: Yes
4. Is the faulty component designed to move the mechanism around?
Answer: Yes
5. Is the faulty component needed for stability?
Answer: Yes
6. Does the faulty component manipulate smaller objects?
Answer: No
7. Are there any external resources that can be used by the mechanism?
Answer: No
8. Does the adaptation continue after replacing the faulty component?
Answer: No
Path 2:
1. Is the fault in the components that allow the mechanism to perform its mission?
Answer: Yes
2. Is the fault in components that move?
Answer: Yes
3. Is the fault in components that make the mechanism move?
Answer: Yes
4. Is the faulty component a part of a larger mechanism designed to move?
Answer: Yes
5. Is the faulty component a joint?
Answer: No
6. Is the fault component not needed for stability?
Answer: Yes
7. Is the faulty component responsible for manipulating objects?
Answer: No
8. Are structural components present in component?
Answer: Yes
60) Senegal (gray) bichir, Polypterus senegalus
Polypterus senegalus are found in Africa (Morin). These fish use pectoral fins to move around on land as well as swim in water. Polypertus have the ability of regenerating their complex pectoral lobed fins so they can survive on land and in the water.
Once the fin has been amputated a blastema forms over the wounded site by the epithelial basal stratum protruding and folding toward the dorsal side (Cuervo et al.). This structure will expand and create the endoskeleton and dermal skeleton. Sonic hedgehog signaling is induced in the posterior mesenchyme to help migrate the mesenchymal cells to the blastema. Once in the blastema the cells will dedifferentiate and proliferate. The new cells will begin differentiating into chondroblats that, along with the extracellular matrix, will form the new cartilage (Cuervo et al.). To regenerate the endoskeleton cartilage is packed together to form a plate that will help differentiate more cells into long bones and radials form by the perforation and splitting of the plate (Cuervo et al.). As the limbs develop the epithelial cells in the stratum are proliferating and expanding the epithelium. Once the fin has regenerated to its maximum size the cells will stop proliferating and differentiating and the blastema will disintegrate.
Morin, Antoine. “Polypterus.” Polypterus. The Standen Lab, 2014. Web. 7 Dec. 2014.
http://www.standenlab.com/research/projects/polypterus/
Cuervo, Rodrigo, Rocio Hernandez-Martinez, Jesus Chimal-Monroy, Horacio Merchant-Larios, and Luis Covarrubias. “Full Regeneration of the Tribasal Polypterus Fin.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109.10 (2012): 3838-843. NCBI. Web. 7 Dec. 2014.
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