1. Is the fault in the components that perform any physical action?
Answer: No
2. Is the faulty component part of the mechanism’s body?
Answer: No
3. Is the faulty component in the fuel system?
Answer: Yes
4. Is the fault in the fuel filtration system?
Answer: No
5. Is the fault in the components responsible for transporting the fuel?
Answer: Yes
6. Is the fault in fuel pump or similar component?
Answer: Yes
7. Are there multiple resources needed to replace the faulty component?
Answer: Yes
5) Zebrafish, Danio rerio
Zebrafish can be found in the tropical fresh waters of northern India, northern Pakistan, Nepal, and South Asia (Hamel and Mercier). They can grow up to 4-5 centimeters in length and get their name from stripes on their body. Zebrafish are known for their ability of regenerating their heart.
Heart regeneration in Zebrafish is one topic that has had a lot of research because scientists believe that we can use their methods on humans. Researchers have found that after the heart is damaged the wound is sealed with a fibrin clot to stop the bleeding. In their paper, The zebrafish as a model for complex tissue regeneration, Matthew Gemberling and colleagues have found that the epicardium covers the clot and activates an analogous organ-wide response of raldh2 induction. Epicardial cells that have proliferated and surrounded the endocardium signal cardiomyocyte proliferation from pre-existing cardiomyocytes in the epicardium. RA, Tgf-beta ligands, lfg2, Shh, and platelet-derived growth factor (Pdgf) ligands are used in muscle regeneration in the endocardium (Amagai et al.). Gemberling, and colleagues, have also found that epicardial cells and Fgf signaling are used in vascularizing the regenerated muscles. Once the heart has reached maximum size the epicardium stops signaling for cardiomyocyte proliferation and vascularization, while the other factors in regeneration stop as well.
Hamel, J.-F. & Mercier, A. Apostichopus japonicus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3, 2013. Web. 9 Nov. 2014.
http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/180424/0
Amagai, Satoshi, Ken Poss, Dennis Liu, and Blake Porch. “Zebrafish Heart Regeneration.” BioInteractive. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 2006. Web. 9 Nov. 2014.
http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/zebrafish-heart-regeneration
Gemberling, Matthew, Travis J. Bailey, David R. Hyde, and Kenneth D. Poss. “The Zebrafish as a Model for Complex Tissue Regeneration.” Trends in Genetics 29.11 (2013): 611-20. ScienceDirect. Elsevier, 6 Aug. 2013. Web. 9 Nov. 2014.
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