1. Is the fault in the components that perform any physical action?
Answer: No
2. Is the faulty component part of the mechanism’s body?
Answer: Yes
3. Is the faulty component in the structure of the mechanism?
Answer: No
4. Does the damaged component provide protection?
Answer: No
5. Is the surrounding structure damaged?
Answer: No
6. Is the adaptation internal?
Answer: No
Path 2:
1. Is the fault in the components that perform any physical action?
Answer: Yes
2. Is the fault in components that move?
Answer: No
3. Is the fault in the mechanisms controls?
Answer: No
4. Does the faulty component responsible for visual data acquisition?
Answer: No
5. Is the faulty component used for sensing the location of objects?
Answer: Yes
6. Is the faulty component rigid?
Answer: No
7. Is the fault in critical components of the mechanism?
Answer: Yes
40) Purple sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus
Purple sea urchins can be found on the western coast of Ireland (). Sea urchin embryos have the ability of regenerating their cilia if they happened to be deciliated.
Sea urchins have a large pool of pre-existing ciliary tubulin and dynein proteins in the embryo which are the building blocks for cilia (Stephens, p. 311-29). After deciliation the proteins enhance in synthesis to provide enough building blocks for the cilia to regenerate. The proteins are moved along an axonemal microtubule to the distal tip by Hsp70 and Hsp40 cognate signals (Casano et al.). Once ciliary tubulin and dynein proteins are at the distal tip they undergo incorporation to form a membrane. Further production of the proteins will elongate the cilia until it reaches its maximum size at which point the proteins will stop being overly synthesized.
Stephens, R. E. “Differential Protein Synthesis and Utilization during Cilia Formation in Sea Urchin Embryos.”Developmental Biology 61.2 (1977): 311-29. ScienceDirect. Web. 3 Dec. 2014.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0012160677903013
Stephens, R. E. “Tubulin and Tektin in Sea Urchin Embryonic Cilia: Pathways of Protein Incorporation during Turnover and Regeneration.” Journal of Cell Science 107 (1994): 683-92. Journal of Cell Science. Web. 4 Dec. 2014.
http://jcs.biologists.org/content/107/2/683.full.pdf
Casano, Caterina, Fabrizio Gianguzza, Maria C. Roccheri, Rossana Di Giorgi, Luigia Maenza, and Maria A. Ragusa. “Hsp40 Is Involved in Cilia Regeneration in Sea Urchin Embryos.” Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry51.12 (2003): 1581-587. Sage Journals. Web. 4 Dec. 2014.
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