1. Is the fault in the components that perform any physical action?
Answer: Yes
2. Is the fault in components that move?
Answer: No
3. Is the fault in the mechanisms controls?
Answer: No
4. Does the faulty component responsible for visual data acquisition?
Answer: Yes
5. Is the faulty component only a part of the optics system?
Answer: Yes
6. Does the faulty component focus the sensory data?
Answer: Yes
7. Is the component only partially damaged?
Answer: No
19) Italian crested newt, Triturus carnifex
Italian crested newts can be found in Europe, which includes Serbia and Switzerland (Antonio et al.). Newts are capable of lens regeneration if they were ever to damage the lens.
After the lens is damaged pigment epithelial cells (PECs) of the dorsal and ventral iris re-enter into the cell cycle (Tsonis et al.). This means that they dedifferentiate and proliferate into cells that will re-differentiate into lens cells. Hyperphosphorlated form of Retinoblastoma (Rb) is expressed in the PECs of the iris and is key in regulated the cell cycles (Tsonis et al.). The PECs de-differentiate by shedding the pigment with the help of macrophages (Tsonis et al.). A lens vesicle is formed from the de-differentiated cells and elongation and re-differentiation of the cells creates lens fibers, while the anterior cells become the lens epithelium (Tsonis et al.). While the PECs are regenerating the new lens the extracellular matrix inside the vitreous chamber is released and fills in the aqueous chamber as well. The matrix slowly arranges itself into sheets and clears a path in the aqueous chamber (Tsonis et al.). There are also membranes being formed which will eventually mediate the attachment of the lens to the irises (Tsonis et al.).
Antonio Romano, Jan Willem Arntzen, Mathieu Denol, Robert Jehle, Franco Andreone, Brandon Anthony, Benedikt Schmidt, Wiesiek
Babik, Robert Schabetsberger, Milan Vogrin, Mikls Puky, Petros Lymberakis, Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic, Rastko Ajtic, Claudia Corti. Triturus carnifex. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3, 2009. Web. 27 Nov. 2014.
http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/59474/0
Tsonis, Panagiotis A., Mayur Madhavan, Emily E. Tancous, and Katia Del Rio-Tsonis. “A Newt’s Eye View of Lens Regeneration.” The International Journal of Developmental Biology 48 (2004): 975-80. The International Journal of Developmental Biology. Web. 25 Nov. 2014.
http://www.ijdb.ehu.es/web/paper.php?doi=10.1387/ijdb.041867pt
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