Path followed:
1. Is the fault in the components that perform any physical action?
Answer: Yes
2. Is the fault in components that move?
Answer: No
3. Is the fault in the mechanisms controls?
Answer: Yes
4. Is the fault in the components responsible for sending signals?
Answer: No
5. Does the faulty component control any other functions in the mechanism?
Answer: No
6. Does the fault effect all components responsible for transmitting sensory data?
Answer: Yes
7. Can the faulty component be replaced regardless of its location in the mechanism?
Answer: Yes
13) Brown ghost knifefish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus
Brown ghost knifefish originated in South American rivers (Glass). These fish are able to have around 100,000 cells in the proliferation phase within any 2-hour period (Glass). The Brown ghost knifefish has the ability of regenerating its central nervous system (CNS).
Brown ghost knifefish have proliferation zones located all over their body. These zones are continually producing new cells that can differentiate into a number of target cells. The new cells migrate to the target region with the help of radial glial fibers (Zupanc). Once at the destination apoptosis takes control and kills the damaged or unresponsive cells while the new cells attach to the designated spot. A neuropeptide called somatostatin is up-regulated in a specific spatio-temporal fashion after lesions are formed to initiate proliferation of cells from the zones to turn into the necessary cells to fix the CNS (Zupanc). Once the CNS has been fixed the cells will stop proliferating until they are needed again.
Glass, Spencer. “Knifefish Knowledge.” Knifefish Knowledge. Coast Tropicals, 2014. Web. 20 Nov. 2014.
http://www.fishchannel.com/freshwater-aquariums/species-info/knifefish/knifefish-knowledge.aspx
Zupanc, GK. ÒAdult neurogenesis and neuronal regeneration in the central nervous system of teleost fish.Ó Brain Behav Evol 58.5 (2001): 250-75. NCBI. Web. 20 Nov. 2014.
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