1. Is the fault in the components that perform any physical action?
Answer: Yes
2. Is the fault in components that move?
Answer: Yes
3. Is the fault in components that make the mechanism move?
Answer: Yes
4. Is the faulty component designed to move the mechanism around?
Answer: No
5. Is the faulty component a joint?
Answer: Yes
120) Eastern (Red-spotted) newt, Notophthalmus viridescens
Eastern newts are commonly found on the eastern side of the United States near water sources or damp forests (ÒEastern/Red-spotted NewtÓ). Red-spotted newts have the capacity of regenerating their knee joints.
Soon after the joint has been damaged cells surrounding the wound undergo aptosis and this initiates local and specialized proteins to migrate to the wound site. The matricellular proteins, such as TN-C, DCN, POSTN, and SPARC, are all upregulated in the joint (Susanto). These specific proteins help control the regeneration process. SPARC was shown to initiate regeneration and muscle formation in the joint (Susanto). TN-C would then initiate the muscle to form and mature (–). POSTN and DCN help the development of collagen which creates the muscle in the joint and the tendons around the bone (Susanto). The proteins would continue to proliferate until the joint had been completely reformed. Once that happened the proteins would stop being signaled and stop proliferating.
“Eastern/Red-spotted Newt.” Eastern Red-spotted Newt. New Hampshire Fish and Game, 2014. Web. 7 Jan. 2015.
http://www.wildlife.state.nh.us/Wildlife/Nongame/salamanders/east-redspot_newt.htm
Susanto, Sony Adhi. “Joint Regeneration Mechanisms in Red-spotted Newts (Notophthalmus Viridescens Viridescens).” Diss. Justus-Liebig-U of Giessen, 2014. Joint Regeneration Mechanisms in Red-spotted Newts (Notophthalmus Viridescens Viridescens). GEB – Giessen Electronic Library, 21 Aug. 2014. Web. 7 Jan. 2015.
http://geb.uni-giessen.de/geb/volltexte/2014/10997/pdf/SusantoSonyAdhi_2014_07_24.pdf
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