Path followed:
- Is the fault in the components that perform any physical action?
Answer: Yes
- Is the fault in components that move?
Answer: Yes
- Is the fault in components that make the mechanism move?
Answer: Yes
- Is the faulty component designed to move the mechanism around?
Answer: Yes
- Is the faulty component needed for stability?
Answer: Yes
- Does the faulty component manipulate smaller objects?
Answer: Yes
- Does the surrounding environment affect the process of regeneration?
Answer: No
- Are there any external resources that can be used by the mechanism?
Answer: No
- Does any material need to be cleared during the regeneration process?
Answer: Yes
- Does any debris need to be cleared before regeneration?
Answer: No
105) Pharaoh cuttlefish, Sepia pharaonis
Pharaoh cuttlefish can be found in the Indian and western Pacific Ocean (Barratt & Allcock). These cuttlefish have the ability of regenerating their arm if it was to get amputated in some way.
Soon after the arm has been amputated in some way the epidermal cells stretch and proliferate to cover the wounded area. Under the epidermis a blastema forms from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells that start to proliferate (Nair & Rao). These cells would re-differentiate into muscles and other tissues of the regenerating arm. Stem cells and blood vessels near the wound site also migrate to the arm and proliferate to rebuild it (Nair & Rao). Stem cells and cells from other specific structures would migrate as well to the regenerating arm. They would then differentiate into the suckers, chromatophores, and nervous system (Tressler et al.). All of the cells would continue to proliferate and differentiate into their respective structures until the arm had been fully regenerated. Once it was regenerated the blastema would disintegrate and the cells that were not used would disperse throughout the body.
Barratt, I. & Allcock, L. 2012. Sepia pharaonis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. Web. 29 Dec. 2014.
http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/162504/0
Nair, K. Prashakaran, and B. Narayana Rao. “INSTANCES OF REGENERATION IN THE CUTTLEFISH SEPIA PHARAONIS EHRENBERG AND IN THE SQUID LOLIGO DUVAUCELII ORBIGNY FROM INDUN WATERS.” Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute 37 (1985): 160-64. CMFRI. Web. 29 Dec. 2014.
http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/2545/1/Article_19.pdf
Tressler, Jedediah, Francis Maddox, Eli Goodwin, Zhuobin Zhang, and Nathan J. Tublitz. “Arm Regeneration in Two Species of Cuttlefish Sepia Officinalis and Sepia Pharaonis.” Invertebrate Neuroscience 14.1 (2014): 37-49.SpringerLink. Web. 29 Dec. 2014.
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10158-013-0159-8#page-1