1. Is the fault in the components that perform any physical action?
Answer: No
2. Is the faulty component part of the mechanism’s body?
Answer: No
3. Is the faulty component in the fuel system?
Answer: Yes
4. Is the fault in the fuel filtration system?
Answer: Yes
5. Is the fault in the fuel filtration components?
Answer: Yes
6. Is the fault in the components responsible for removing fuel consumption by products?
Answer: Yes
7. Can other parts of the mechanism be used to minimize the effect of the fault?
Answer: No
8. Is any debris cleared from the damaged area?
Answer: Yes
101) Catfish, Siluriformes
Catfish can be found on every continent except Antarctica in freshwater habitat (ÒCatfishÓ). Catfish have the ability of regenerating their kidney if it were to get damaged.
After the catfish has sustained injury to the kidney it will undergo an initial phase of cell death and allow macrophages to clear them away. The kidney next will start producing signals to help initiate kidney regeneration. Three signals that are key for regeneration are myc, Pax-2, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (Reimschuessel). These signals trigger epithelial cells to migrate to the inured spot and start proliferating. The proliferation will help repopulate the basophilic epithelial basement membrane (Reimschuessel). A nephron neogenesis phase will follow to reestablish the nephrons. The basophilic epithelium cells are used to form renal vesicles, S-shaped tubules, and tubular outgrowths which fuse with the collecting ducts (Reimschuessel). Then the BowmanÕs capsules are made using the epithelial parts. Once all of the structures have formed the cells will stop proliferating and disperse away from the injured site.
“Catfish.” Catfish (Siluriformes). A-z-animals, 2013. Web. 27 Dec. 2014.
http://a-z-animals.com/animals/catfish/
Reimschuessel, Renate. “A Fish Model of Renal Regeneration and Development.” ILAR Journal 42.4 (2001): 285-91.Oxford Journals. Web. 27 Dec. 2014.
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